Computation of étale cohomology on curves in single exponential time

Jin, Jinbi

Journal de théorie des nombres de Bordeaux, Tome 32 (2020) no. 2, pp. 311-354.

Dans ce texte, on décrit un algorithme calculant, pour une courbe lisse et connexe $X$ sur un corps $k$ et un faisceau localement constant de groupes abéliens de torsion inversible dans $k$, le premièr groupe de cohomologie étale ${\mathrm{H}}^1(X_{k^{\mathrm{sep}},\mathrm{ét}},𝒜)$ et le premièr groupe de cohomologie étale à support propre ${\mathrm{H}}_c^1(X_{k^{\mathrm{sep}},\mathrm{ét}},𝒜)$ comme ensembles de torseurs.

La complexité arithmétique de cet algorithme est exponentielle en $n^{logn}$, $p_a\left(X\right)$, et $p_a\left(𝒜\right)$, où $p_a\left(X\right)$ est le genre arithmétique de la complétion normale de $X$ sur $k$, $p_a\left(𝒜\right)$ est le genre arithmétique de la complétion normale de la courbe $Y$ répresentant le faisceau $𝒜$, et $n$ est le degré de $Y$ sur $X$.

L’algorithme passe par le calcul d’un schéma en groupoïdes classifiant les $𝒜$-torseurs étales avec quelques structures additionnelles rigidifiantes.

In this paper, we describe an algorithm that, for a smooth connected curve $X$ over a field $k$, a finite locally constant sheaf $𝒜$ on $X_{\mathrm{ét}}$ of abelian groups of torsion invertible in $k$, computes the first étale cohomology ${\mathrm{H}}^1(X_{k^{\mathrm{sep}},\mathrm{ét}},𝒜)$ and the first étale cohomology with proper support ${\mathrm{H}}_c^1(X_{k^{\mathrm{sep}},\mathrm{ét}},𝒜)$ as sets of torsors.

The complexity of this algorithm is exponential in $n^{logn}$, $p_a\left(X\right)$, and $p_a\left(𝒜\right)$, where $p_a\left(X\right)$ is the arithmetic genus of the normal completion of $X$, $p_a\left(𝒜\right)$ is the arithmetic genus of the normal completion $Y$ of the smooth curve representing $𝒜$, and $n$ is the degree of $Y$ over $X$.

The computation in this algorithm is done via the computation of a groupoid scheme classifying the $𝒜$-torsors with some extra rigidifying data.

Classification : 14F20, 14Q05, 14Q20
Mots-clés : Algebraic geometry, Algorithm, Curves, Étale cohomology

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