Nearest neighbor classification in infinite dimension
ESAIM: Probability and Statistics, Tome 10 (2006), pp. 340-355.

Let X be a random element in a metric space (,d), and let Y be a random variable with value 0 or 1. Y is called the class, or the label, of X. Let (X i ,Y i ) 1in be an observed i.i.d. sample having the same law as (X,Y). The problem of classification is to predict the label of a new random element X. The k-nearest neighbor classifier is the simple following rule: look at the k nearest neighbors of X in the trial sample and choose 0 or 1 for its label according to the majority vote. When (,d)=( d ,||.||), Stone (1977) proved in 1977 the universal consistency of this classifier: its probability of error converges to the Bayes error, whatever the distribution of (X,Y). We show in this paper that this result is no longer valid in general metric spaces. However, if (,d) is separable and if some regularity condition is assumed, then the k-nearest neighbor classifier is weakly consistent.

DOI : 10.1051/ps:2006014
Classification : 62H30
Mots clés : classification, consistency, non parametric statistics
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Cérou, Frédéric; Guyader, Arnaud. Nearest neighbor classification in infinite dimension. ESAIM: Probability and Statistics, Tome 10 (2006), pp. 340-355. doi : 10.1051/ps:2006014. http://www.numdam.org/articles/10.1051/ps:2006014/

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